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Contents Volume VI Issue II (Spring - 2021)

The GSP+ Status of Pakistan in the European Union: Challenges and Prospects
Abstract:	The EU granted GSP+ status of Pakistan aimed to foster economic stability and good governance in the country. However, Pakistan's progress vis-a-vis both objectives remains far below the potential. It could not significantly take advantage of enhanced tariff reductions under GSP+ to realize the diversification and value-addition of its exports. Meanwhile, Pakistan's performance in implementing 27 UN conventions - mandatory for a GSP+ beneficiary - needs improvement. The EU assessed the country's overall performance, in this regard, as satisfactory but noted certain human rights violations. In this connection, it has recently started a process for possible 'temporary withdrawal' of Pakistan's GSP+ status. Drawing on the theory of Discursive Institutionalism, this paper analyses challenges a ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Riaz Shad : Associate Professor & Jean Monnet Chair (Under Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union), Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	European Union, Pakistan, GSP+ Status, UN Conventions, Human Rights, Challenges, Prospects
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).01	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).01
Page Nos:	1-8
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Hybrid Warfare and the Challenges to the Conduct of Intelligence
Abstract:	The character of warfare has remained constant however its nature has been changing from time to time over the last twenty years. The traditional definition of warfare, explaining an exceptionally coordinated and prepared involvement of powers in the conflict, such as the Second World War, have become old fashioned and irrelevant. The Intelligence operations were moderately clear and defined through the Cold War era. There were two defined adversaries, both were superpowers, and existential dangers to public safety, both political and military (counting atomic), were generally straightforward. Indeed, even psychological warfare was 'less complex' as it was focused on a targeted audience and state associations utilizing strategies were notable. The post- 9/11 world is facing new ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Shabnam Gul : Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Faizan Asghar : MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Zahid Akbar : Ministry of Defense
Keywords:	Hybrid Warfare, Superpowers, Strategy, Intelligence, Contemporary World
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).02	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).02
Page Nos:	9-16
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Role of the Central Committee of Action in Organization of the Provincial Muslim Leagues
Abstract:	All India Muslim League lost 1936 elections which propelled Jinnah to re-organize the party on modern grounds. But the re-organization was not that much efficacious due to the absence of effective checks and balances overworking of provincial branches. Initial endeavors to keep check overworking and organization of the provincial Leagues were short successes on the part of the Central League. The working of the Central Civil Defence Committee accentuated the need for a separate body for such tasks. Jinnah brought his idea to life in 1944 by establishing the Central Committee of Action. This was the most authoritative body after Jinnah having powers to affiliate and disaffiliate provincial branches. Moreover, this body not only re-organized the provincial branches but also settl ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Shoaib Malik : Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan 2-Shahzad Qaisar : Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Riffat Haque : Assistant Professor, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	League, Organization, Provincial Leagues, Central Committee, Check and Balance, Expansion, Records, Elections, Sindh, Punjab, NWFP, Baluchistan, UP, Ajmir-Marwara
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).03	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).03
Page Nos:	17-24
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Women Political Activism and Public Spaces in Pashtun Society in Pakistan
Abstract:	In this research article I comprehend that how women in Pashtun society, even with limited entree to civic places, manage to join and contribute in numerous political undertakings, and how their role adds to growing communal and political spaces for women. For my research work I interviewed politically active women of Swabi from lower and middle class. I used the method of convenience sampling. Gulalai Ismail (a women right activist from Swabi) facilitated me in conducting interviews. According to those women, it is reflected indecent in Pashtun society for women to be outside their homes in public. Due to less or no public spaces for women in Pashtun society women have limited involvement in political activities, economic happenings and structure of the society. The uneasy acce ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Salma Rahim : Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad.
Keywords:	Public Spaces, Political Activism, Pashtun Society, Economic Resources
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).04	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).04
Page Nos:	25-32
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Pakistan-India Rivalry: An Analytical Perspective of Balance of Power....
Abstract:	Division of British India culminated into two new states of Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan.However, both Pakistan and India remained hostile since their inception.Multiple factors are responsible for their rivalry, such as the disputed Kashmir, water issues, communal riots, and assets distribution, etc. This affected the South Asian politics and invited the major powers to play their political game by influencing Indian and Pakistan's positions. The paper analyzes the bilateral conflict of India and Pakistan, their techniques to maintain the balance of power, and the role of major powers. The study also examines the foreign policies of India and Pakistan and their due positions since independence. The theory of balance of power has been applied to this study to explore t ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Uroosa Ishfaq: Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2-Kashif Ashfaq: MPhil. Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Zainab Ahmad: Graduate Scholar, Department of IR % Politics (Girls Campus), IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan
Keywords:	Indo-Pak Rivalry, Balance of Power, Politics of Alliances, Foreign Policy, Cold War Politics, Major Powers Role
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).05	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).05
Page Nos:	33-44
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Jinnah's Pakistan, Hodson and the Letter to Nawab Ismail....
Abstract:	Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the division of India on 22ndMarch 1940 in his presidential address to the annual session of the All-India Muslim League held at Lahore. Immediately, the League were beset with not only opposition from all flanks but also the allegation that Jinnah's idea of Pakistan was ill-defined and merely a counter for bargaining. Even after Pakistan's independence in 1947, this theory was furthered to the extent of being elevated to orthodoxy. This paper examines Jinnah's private correspondence dealing with the nature of Pakistan, in particular Jinnah's 1941 letter to the League leader Nawab Ismail that refers to findings of the Reforms Commissioner H.V. Hodson regarding Pakistan, and is often cited as evidence of Jinnah’s ‘real aims’. In parallel, Jinnah and prom ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Meraj Hasan: Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2-Asifa Zafar: Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Kanwal Noreen: Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Jinnah, Hodson, Nawab Ismail, Partition
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).06	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).06
Page Nos:	45–54
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Evaluating the Impact of Hazara Motorway on Tourism Growth Under the China-Pakis..
Abstract:	The objective of this research is to evaluate the outcome of Hazara Motorway on Tourism Expansion because of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Hazara region. This research used primary data collected through a questionnaire from the 120 tourists regarding their response on factors associated with future expectations of tourism industry growth in Hazara region under CPEC due to Hazara motorway using a purposive simple random sampling technique. The study used logistic regression for analysis. The regression results show that tourists' expectation of tourism growth under CPEC is positively and significantly associated with the occupation of the respondent, availability of rooms, tourist will come due to Hazara CPEC motorway, increase in tourism under CPEC, tourism growth, and touris ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Rafit Saheed : School of Public Policy, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan 2-Nauman Ahmad: Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan 3-Armaghan Khan: Department of Business Studies, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan
Keywords:	Binary Logistic Model, CPEC, Hazara Motorway, Tourism Growth
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).07	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).07
Page Nos:	55-66
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Globalization of Prosecutorial Justice: An Appraisal..
Abstract:	In the present world, public prosecutors (PPs) have become the most powerful actors in the criminal justice system (CJS). They excise unfettered discretionary powers, particularly 'decision to or not to prosecute,' 'add or delete the charges,' 'withhold or drop the prosecution,' 'withdraw the prosecution,' 'plea-bargaining with accused,''tender of pardon to the accomplice' and 'suggest the sentence for the convict.' By this way, the world is moving towards pro secutorial justice. It is a point of departure from judicial decision-making to pro secutorial decision-making. So, the theory of division of labor should be developed for standardizing decision-making power. With the help of comparative and qualitative research methodology, this research aims to examine the public prosecution of dif ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri: Assistant District Public Prosecutor, Anti-Terrorism Court Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Ata Ullah Khan Mahmood: Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3-Sheer Abbas : Scholar of International Space Law, University of Sharjah, UAE.
Keywords:	Public Prosecution, Criminal Justice System, Public Prosecutor, Plea-Bargaining, Prosecutorial Justice
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).08	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).08
Page Nos:	67-78
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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An Assessment of Judicial Activism to Empower the People: A Case of Pakistan (2007-2013)
Abstract:	The year 2007 was proved as an eventful for the judiciary of Pakistan because Iftikhar Chaudhry, Chief Justice of Pakistan, started to assert the power of the judiciary. He vehemently tried to make the judiciary only and the real institution of enforcing the law for the liberty of the people. However, under tremendous pubic pressure and lawyers' movement, Musharraf had to reinstate the Chief Justice. Now Iftikhar Chaudhry resumed the halted task of taking suo motu actions to provide relief to the public. Against this backdrop, the study traces the causes behind judicial activism in Pakistan and its impact on the liberty of people. The performance of the judiciary in the form of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) to empower the masses is discussed. The study also focuses on the important case ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Muhammad Ikramullah Khan: Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan. 2-Muhammad Shafiq: Assistant Professor, Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Judicial Activism, Empowerment, Suo Motu, PIL, Chief Justice
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).09	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).09
Page Nos:	79-91
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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Pakistani Print Media as Political Propaganda Tool: A Study of Panama Issue
Abstract:	This research study examined the scenario of media as propaganda tool keeping in view the news reportage of the Panama issue as well as editorial coverage in Urdu print media. The study investigated the situation of whether the Urdu print media remained unbiased during reportage and editorial coverage of the big corruption scandal or it was used as a propaganda tool for the psychological warfare of the political arena. The paper assessed the position of factual and non-factual reportage and framed news reportage on the country's game-changer phenomenon. The study might be helpful to understand the scenario of news reportage on big corruption issues in the Urdu Print world of Pakistan. The results presented the outlines behind the framed news coverage, the picture of alteration into non-fac ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Irem Sultana: Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 2-Rao Shahid Mahmood: Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Hamid Yaseen Ahmed: PhD Scholar, Department of History, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Keywords:	News Coverage, Reportage, Editorials, Panama Issue, Game-Changer, Alteration in Facts, Dailies, Psychological Warfare, Political Arena, Meandering Policies
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).10	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).10
Page Nos:	92 – 98
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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The Role of Islamic Ideology in Iran-Pakistan Relations from 1947 to 1979
Abstract:	Ideology is an important determinant in foreign policy.However, it has its implications. Pahlavi Shah's Westernization policies and their dissociation with Islamic ideology were the main features of their rule. The early leadership of Pakistan and Iran(Muhammad Reza Shah) were secular in outlook, paid little attention to ideology and had shared interests. While in Pakistan, the religious identity and its liberal national identity are still debated, and Pakistan has to reconcile between the two competing points of view. The Islamic revolution was unique in character as the earlier resolutions in the world were predominantly secular, while in Iran, it had religious trappings. The intellectuals in Iran like Jalal Al-Ahmed, Shariati, and all shades of parties played a significant role in incit ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Abdul Qadir: Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2-Mirwais Kasi: Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Ideology, Iran, leadership, Pakistan, Relations, Revolution
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).11	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).11
Page Nos:	99-107
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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E-governance Reforms in Education and Police Departments in District Mardan (2013-2017)
Abstract:	In the modern era yet restoration of sound governance is required in developing states, especially in less developed areas of particular state just like developed states. Globalization and information revolution have been blended to set the path for ICT initiated efforts in sure public troubles, which includes social offerings. The electronic approach is deployed in the mutual interplay of government and residents and businesses, in addition to the inner functioning of government offices.This research paper is divided broadly into three parts Part first deals with the general literature pertaining to the overall concepts and movement of e-governance and its practice over the entire globe and also elaborates implementation process of ICTs in developing states with special reference to Pakis ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Safia Bahadur: Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2-Shaukat : Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 3-Fakhr ul Munir: PhD Scholar and Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	E-governance, Information Communication Technologies, E-Participation Index, Electronic Government Development Index, Independent Monitoring Unit
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).12	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).12
Page Nos:	108 – 115
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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The portrayal of Political Violence in Harris Khalique's No Fortunes to Tell
Abstract:	This paper studies political violence and the acts of terror in the Pakistani society as presented in Harris Khalique’s No Fortunes to Tell. Khalique resists religious extremism, violence and terrorist attacks and focuses on the socio-political crisis in Pakistan. Greenblatt's philosophy of new historic-ism and his concepts of resonance and wonder are the guiding threads for the study of the selected text. Following the new historicists' concept that a literary text is the product of time, place and circumstances, and social constructions shape the artistic representations which have power to alter and resist them as well. This study explores violence and terrorist attacks, particularly in Waziristan,Swat and other parts of Pakistan during the previous two decades and highlights Khalique ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Maliha Sarfraz: Associate Professor, Government Graduate College Women Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan 2-Fauzia Amin: PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 3-Ammara Akram: MPhil, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords:	Political Violence, Terror, New Historicism, Resonance, Extremism, Non-state Actors
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).13	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).13
Page Nos:	116 – 123
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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The Emergence of the Historiography in Kashmir: An Analysis
Abstract:	Historiography is the study of methodologies, strategies, and approaches to the development of history as a subject in the academic field by historians. This study provides an initial calculation of the formation and early phases of the historiography in the 12th century in the region of Kashmir. To do so, focus on the earliest writing on the subject of oral history of Kashmir, as well as the first person who participated in the process of history-writing in Kashmir. First, the subject was studied by introducing it to the world, and especially in Kashmir, through the entry of foreign historians, reviewing the contribution of some of the earliest authors and most important personalities in historiography in the 12th century in the region of Kashmir. Primary and secondary data are used to ex ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Amar Jahangir: Junior Lecturer/Research Associate, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2-Anbrin Khawaja: Assistant Professor, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 3-Shabnam Gul: Research Associate/ Junior Lecturer, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Emergence, Historiography, Historians, Kashmir, 12th Century
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).14	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).14
Page Nos:	124 – 130
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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The Impact of External Support on Insurgency
Abstract:	Insurgency is an organized struggle to overthrow an existing government. External support has played an important role in the success and failure of insurgencies. Insurgencies externally supported both militarily and financially lasted long and succeeded. In contrast, many insurgencies failed, lacking external support. The existing literature has discussed how external support contributes to the success and failure of insurgencies. This study, however, discusses the external support to counter insurgents, not insurgents and its impact on insurgency in the tribal areas of Pakistan. The article explains that after Pakistan became an ally of the US in the war against terror, it allowed the CIA to undertake targeted operations against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. After their distrust increased,th ...Read More - View Fulltext
Author/s:	1-Alamgir Khan: Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan.
Keywords:	Insurgency, Counterinsurgency, Drones, External Support, Escalation
DOI Number:	10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).15	Details Download
DOI Link:	http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-II).15
Page Nos:	131 – 138
Volume & Issue:	VI-II
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