ARTICLE

FRONTIER CRIMES REGULATION FCR FROM INTRODUCTION TO ABOLITION

10 Pages : 109-120

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).10      10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).10      Published : Mar 2021

Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition

    When the British arrived at the North-West Frontier, it adopted several special measures to crush the resistance from Pashtun tribes and safeguard colonial interests. One of these special measures was the introduction of FCR, which was introduced to increase the conviction rate in criminal cases without the requirements of due process of law. This paper tries to present a detailed account of FCR from its introduction to its abolition. It highlights the circumstances which led to the introduction of FCR. It further explains how the British revised the FCR from time to time to expand its scope to make it better serve imperial interests. Its review by various commissions/committees and higher judiciary observations about it are also discussed in this paper. This paper is based on both primary sources like archival material and personal interviews as well as secondary sources.

    FCR, Jirga, FATA, Territorial Responsibility, Collective Responsibility
    (1) Noor Hamid Khan Mahsud
    Associate Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Mian Saeed Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Wasai
    PhD Scholar, Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Mahsud, Noor Hamid Khan, Mian Saeed Ahmad, and Wasai. 2021. "Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition." Global Political Review, VI (I): 109-120 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).10
    HARVARD : MAHSUD, N. H. K., AHMAD, M. S. & WASAI. 2021. Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition. Global Political Review, VI, 109-120.
    MHRA : Mahsud, Noor Hamid Khan, Mian Saeed Ahmad, and Wasai. 2021. "Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition." Global Political Review, VI: 109-120
    MLA : Mahsud, Noor Hamid Khan, Mian Saeed Ahmad, and Wasai. "Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition." Global Political Review, VI.I (2021): 109-120 Print.
    OXFORD : Mahsud, Noor Hamid Khan, Ahmad, Mian Saeed, and Wasai, (2021), "Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition", Global Political Review, VI (I), 109-120
    TURABIAN : Mahsud, Noor Hamid Khan, Mian Saeed Ahmad, and Wasai. "Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition." Global Political Review VI, no. I (2021): 109-120. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).10