Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2026(XI-II).06      10.31703/gpr.2026(XI-II).06      Published : Jun 2026
Authored by : Wajid Ali , Sohail Ahmad , Muhammad Shahid

06 Pages : 66-78

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2026(XI-II).06      10.31703/gpr.2026(XI-II).06      Published : Jun 2026

Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections

    The present article discusses the effect of media framing and bias on political representation in the 2024 General Elections of Pakistan. It is a comparative analysis on two of the popular newspapers Dawn, an English & Jang, an Urdu Newspaper. The study applies Entman’s Framing Theory and Political Discourse Analysis to examine front-page election coverage in January–February 2024. Findings show Dawn framed elections through accountability, transparency, and legitimacy, while Jang emphasised participation, leadership, and stability. These contrasting ideological and linguistic frames conveyed distinct political messages, with Dawn targeting elites and Jang appealing to a broader Urdu readership. This means that both newspapers made their respective contribution towards the construction of public awareness of the elections. Media framing is important not only as a style to report news but also as a crucial aspect of democracy, legitimacy and ethics of the media in the hybrid political set-up of Pakistan.

    Media Framing, Media Bias, Political Representation, Dawn, Jang, Pakistan General Elections 2024, Framing Theory, Political Communication
    (1) Wajid Ali
    MPhil, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Sohail Ahmad
    MPhil, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Shahid
    Assistant Professor, Riphah Institute of Media Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cite this article

    APA : Ali, W., Ahmad, S., & Shahid, M. (2026). Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections. Global Political Review, XI(II), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2026(XI-II).06
    CHICAGO : Ali, Wajid, Sohail Ahmad, and Muhammad Shahid. 2026. "Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections." Global Political Review, XI (II): 66-78 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2026(XI-II).06
    HARVARD : ALI, W., AHMAD, S. & SHAHID, M. 2026. Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections. Global Political Review, XI, 66-78.
    MHRA : Ali, Wajid, Sohail Ahmad, and Muhammad Shahid. 2026. "Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections." Global Political Review, XI: 66-78
    MLA : Ali, Wajid, Sohail Ahmad, and Muhammad Shahid. "Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections." Global Political Review, XI.II (2026): 66-78 Print.
    OXFORD : Ali, Wajid, Ahmad, Sohail, and Shahid, Muhammad (2026), "Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections", Global Political Review, XI (II), 66-78
    TURABIAN : Ali, Wajid, Sohail Ahmad, and Muhammad Shahid. "Framing Techniques, Media Bias, and Its Effects on Political Representation: A Comparative Study of Dawn and Jang’s Coverage of the 2024 Pakistan General Elections." Global Political Review XI, no. II (2026): 66-78. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2026(XI-II).06