Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan
This study explores the functionality of smuggling and hindrances faced by border dwellers along the Paroom border. The natives are majorly involved in the illegal transportation of goods and services. Therefore, the study explains how important smuggling is for the local people and what difference it makes in their daily lives.This study describes the kinship role in reciprocity in their trade and transportation and the role of people who clash with the armed forces of Iran and Pakistan to conduct their illegal business. Qualitative research methods have been used to conduct this research. The sample size of thirty is selected from the people involved in informal cross-border trade living on the Paroom, Punjgor Balochistan borderland. The interview guide schedule is incorporated into the research process during data collection. The purposive sampling technique is used because this technique considers the magnificent data and observations from the field. The thematic analysis technique is used for generating themes from data. The researcher expanded the study on a wider level, and every ethics was followed during the study.
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Cross-border Trade, Hindrance, Illegal Economy, Kinship, Reciprocity, Smuggling
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(1) Najeeb Ullah
M.Sc Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Abdul Raheem
MPhil Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Hussain Ali Hashmi
MPhil Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cite this article
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APA : Ullah, N., Raheem, A., & Hashmi, H. A. (2022). Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan. Global Political Review, VII(II), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14
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CHICAGO : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. 2022. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review, VII (II): 127-137 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14
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HARVARD : ULLAH, N., RAHEEM, A. & HASHMI, H. A. 2022. Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan. Global Political Review, VII, 127-137.
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MHRA : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. 2022. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review, VII: 127-137
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MLA : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review, VII.II (2022): 127-137 Print.
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OXFORD : Ullah, Najeeb, Raheem, Abdul, and Hashmi, Hussain Ali (2022), "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan", Global Political Review, VII (II), 127-137
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TURABIAN : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review VII, no. II (2022): 127-137. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14