Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes
The study discusses the defense in relation to the problem of deepfakes using a mixed methodology by implementing technical assessment, randomized controlled tests (RCT), and interviews with practitioners. The best out-of-distribution performance was the multimodal fusion and late ensembling (ensemble AUC 0.979 in-domain, 0.944 out-of-domain) and high-resistance to post-processing methods. Combining prebunking with AI-generated labels led to a 31.4% reduction in the intent to share synthetic content compared to the control group in the RCT (n ≈ 900) and an apparent reduction in the perceived accuracy of fakes. Provenance and watermarks checks were found to be very precise, covering 23% of items. The practitioner responses mentioned clear labels, confidence displays, and audit processes as being of significant value. Deep fake threats can be efficiently addressed by using a layered defense mechanism, which consists of calibrated multimodal detection, interoperable provenance, and timely user education.
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Deepfakes, Misinformation, Detection, Provenance, Watermarking, Prebunking, Human–Ai Teaming
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(1) Muntaha Sami
M.Phil, School of Media and Communication, Studies, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Zarwah Nabil
Masters (In Development) Department of, Journalism, Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Maryam Hashmi
PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Cite this article
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APA : Sami, M., Nabil, Z., & Hashmi, M. (2025). Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes. Global Political Review, X(III), 127-143. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).12
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CHICAGO : Sami, Muntaha, Zarwah Nabil, and Maryam Hashmi. 2025. "Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes." Global Political Review, X (III): 127-143 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).12
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HARVARD : SAMI, M., NABIL, Z. & HASHMI, M. 2025. Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes. Global Political Review, X, 127-143.
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MHRA : Sami, Muntaha, Zarwah Nabil, and Maryam Hashmi. 2025. "Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes." Global Political Review, X: 127-143
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MLA : Sami, Muntaha, Zarwah Nabil, and Maryam Hashmi. "Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes." Global Political Review, X.III (2025): 127-143 Print.
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OXFORD : Sami, Muntaha, Nabil, Zarwah, and Hashmi, Maryam (2025), "Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes", Global Political Review, X (III), 127-143
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TURABIAN : Sami, Muntaha, Zarwah Nabil, and Maryam Hashmi. "Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes." Global Political Review X, no. III (2025): 127-143. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).12