BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has amplified its regional and global impact. The economic success of BRICS is a motivation to Africa because BRICS and African region have a similar historical background. The partnership between Africa and the BRICS has extended fresh drive and created ample interest in last decades because BRICS is playing an important role in international trade, investment and global governance. Growing economic relations of the BRICS with African region can be exemplary for global world. These relations are prospective of a suitable way of economic change and sustainable progress in the African region. The resource of African region makes many opportunities and challenges among BRICS- African regions partnership. The interest of western powers also prevail in the African region. This article commences a fair inquiry of the BRICS relation with African region, possible opportunities and challenges.
-
BRICS, Global Governance, Regionalism, WTO, United Nations, African Region, Africa
-
(1) Muhammad Atif
Phd Scholar, Institute of Social Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muqarrab Akbar
Professor/Chairman, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
- AERC. ( 28-30 September 2010).
- Agency, G. N. (2013, August 1). BRICS membership boosts South Africa's global standing. Retrieved from South Africa Government News Agency: http://www.sanews.gov.za/ features/BRICSmembership-boosts-south-africa’s-global-standing
- Ajakaiye, Olusanya, Francis M. Mwega, Raphael Kaplinsky, & Damiano K. Manda. (11-14 November 2009). www.afdb.org/en/aec/past-aecs/aec2009/papers/
- Alexandrescu, M. ( 2007 , March 8). David Mitrany: From Federalism to Functionalism. TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW, VOL. XVI(NO. 1).
- Arkhangelskaya, A & V Shubin. (2013, September ).
- Bulletin,
- Chief, B. (2011, August 30). Chinese currency could replace US dollar in Africa. Retrieved from Business Chief: http://www.africanbusinessreview.co.za/ money_matters/chinese-currency-couldreplace-us-dollar-in-africa
- Chin, G. T. (2014). The BRICS-led Development Bank: Purpose and Politics beyond the G20. 5(3), pp. 366-73.
- ECA. (2014). https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/africabrics_2014_fin.pdf
- Fantu Cheru & Cyril Obi. (2011). Chinese and Indian engagement in Africa: Competitive or mutually reinforcing strategies? Journal of International Affairs, 64(2), 91-110.
- Finance., M. o. (2012).
- Ford, N. (2013, November:).
- Freemantle S & J Stephens. (12 February 2013). BRICS Trade is Flourishing, and Africa Remains a Pivot. Standard Bank, . Africa Macro: EM10 and Africa,. Retrieved from https://m.research.standardbank.com/rch?view=16715e15d65cf1904d22850b65e04864fc94- 1.
- Gottwald, J & N Duggan. (2011).
- He, T. (2012).
- Jordan, P. (2010).
- Kim, Y. (February 2013). CHINESE-LED SEZs IN AFRICA ARE THEY A DRIVING FORCE OF CHINA's SOFT POWER? Centre for Chinese Studies, Discussion Paper 1. Retrieved from http://www0.sun.ac.za/ccs/wpcontent/uploads/2013/02/CCS_Discussion_Paper_Africa_SEZs_ and_China_Soft_Power_YK_2013_Final.pdf
- Konina, N. (2018). 'Issues of modern Geoeconomics', 16(2),. ( 16(2)), pp.186-196.
- Lintao, Y. (2012, February 9). http://www.bjreview.com.cn/world/txt/2012-02/06/content_423772.htm
- M. Fujita, G. Liang, P. Mallampally & A. Miroux. (2007). Asian foreign direct investment in Africa: towards a new era of cooperation among developing countries. New York: United Nations.
- Majokweni, Nomaxabiso. (2012, June 26). Comments to the ANC Business Forum. Johannesburg., South Africa.
- Mawdsley, E & G McCann. (2010).
- O'Neill, J. (2001). Building better global economic BRICs. Goldman Sachs.
- O'Neill, J. (2003). Dreaming with BRICS:The path to 2050. Goldman Sachs
- Partridge, A. (2013, October 2). Africa-South Africa trading relationship,. Retrieved from [Accessed 27 April 2017]. www.tralac.org: http://www.tralac.org/files/2013/10/Africa-South-Africa-trading-relationship_Synopsis.pdf
- Pentland, C. (1990). Integration, Interdependence, and Institutions: Approaches to International Order. Toronto: Canada. Toronto, Canada.: Harcourt Jovonovich.
- Raphael Kaplinsky & Mike Morris. (November 2006). ‘The Structure of Supply Chains and Their Implications for Export Supply. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium.
- Report, C. (2006). White Paper on China's African Policy,. Los Angeles/London/New Delhi/Singapore: SAGE Publications.
- Scott, T. (June 2011).
- Sharma, R. (2012, Janyary 17). https://thediplomat.com/2012/01/india-china-in-border-deal/
- Stolte, C. (2013).
- Sun, Y. (2014). Africa in China's foreign policy
- Suresh Singh & Memory Dube. (2013, 21 February). BRICS and the World Order: A Beginner's Guide. GEG Africa. Retrieved from http://gegafrica.org/images/Stories/BRICSguide/GEGAfrica_BRICS_and_world_
- UNCTAD. (2010). for further discussion on concerns over Southern FDI in Africa. New York: UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION.
- UNCTAD. (2010). UNITED NATIONS Confrence on Treade Development Prosparity For all . Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/Pages/statistics.aspx
- UNDP, OECD, & World Bank. (2009).
- WorldBank. (2012). Bridging the Atlantic : Brazil and Sub-Saharan Africa, South-South Partnering for Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26788
- Xinhua. (2009, July 29).
Cite this article
-
APA : Atif, M., & Akbar, M. (2019). BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities. Global Political Review, IV(IV), 59-69. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-IV).07
-
CHICAGO : Atif, Muhammad, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2019. "BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities." Global Political Review, IV (IV): 59-69 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-IV).07
-
HARVARD : ATIF, M. & AKBAR, M. 2019. BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities. Global Political Review, IV, 59-69.
-
MHRA : Atif, Muhammad, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2019. "BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities." Global Political Review, IV: 59-69
-
MLA : Atif, Muhammad, and Muqarrab Akbar. "BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities." Global Political Review, IV.IV (2019): 59-69 Print.
-
OXFORD : Atif, Muhammad and Akbar, Muqarrab (2019), "BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities", Global Political Review, IV (IV), 59-69
-
TURABIAN : Atif, Muhammad, and Muqarrab Akbar. "BRICS and African Region Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities." Global Political Review IV, no. IV (2019): 59-69. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-IV).07