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MARITIME SECURITY ISSUES AND GEOSTRATEGIC COMPETITION IN INDIAN OCEAN REGION PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR PAKISTAN

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04 Pages : 37-52

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-I).04      10.31703/gpr.2025(X-I).04      Published : Mar 2025

Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan

Abstract

    The strategic maritime environment of the Indian Ocean (IO) has undergone significant transformation over the past two decades. The shift in regional focus from territorial to maritime borders has had a profound impact on international relations, driven by evolving defense and security dynamics. This paper explores the historical context of maritime geopolitics in the Indian Ocean and examines the growing presence and competition among the United States, China, and India as the primary strategic players. The United States, in strengthening its partnership with India, seeks to counterbalance China’s expanding influence in the region. China, through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, aims to consolidate its economic and strategic footprint under its “Common Future, Common Growth” vision. This paper analyzes the hegemonic struggle in the Indian Ocean and presents policy recommendations for Pakistan’s maritime strategy.

    Indian Ocean, Geopolitics, Maritime Security, Belt and Road Initiative, Indo-Pacific Strategy, CPEC, Strategic Competition, U.S.-China Rivalry

    (1) Muhammad Imran
    Assistant Professor, Department of Media, Creative Arts and Global Political Studies, Emerson University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Ramzan
    Vice Chancellor, Emerson University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Hina Adeeb
    Assistant Professor, Faculty of Media and Mass Communication, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Imran, M., Ramzan, M., & Adeeb, H. (2025). Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan. Global Political Review, X(I), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-I).04

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Imran, Muhammad, Muhammad Ramzan, and Hina Adeeb. 2025. "Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan." Global Political Review, X (I): 37-52 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2025(X-I).04

HARVARD

    HARVARD : IMRAN, M., RAMZAN, M. & ADEEB, H. 2025. Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan. Global Political Review, X, 37-52.

MHRA

    MHRA : Imran, Muhammad, Muhammad Ramzan, and Hina Adeeb. 2025. "Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan." Global Political Review, X: 37-52

MLA

    MLA : Imran, Muhammad, Muhammad Ramzan, and Hina Adeeb. "Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan." Global Political Review, X.I (2025): 37-52 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Imran, Muhammad, Ramzan, Muhammad, and Adeeb, Hina (2025), "Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan", Global Political Review, X (I), 37-52

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Imran, Muhammad, Muhammad Ramzan, and Hina Adeeb. "Maritime Security Issues and Geostrategic Competition in Indian Ocean Region: Prospects and Challenges for Pakistan." Global Political Review X, no. I (2025): 37-52. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-I).04