Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia
This paper is about how and by what ways climate change affects human migration. The world at large is expected to face crises of dual nature. In the first place, excessive fossil fuel consumption would result in environmental degradation. Among others, people would be faced with serious food crises as well as reduced income. In the wake of environmental change, people will migrate in search of better income prospects and food security. There is no doubt that there a strong but direct relationship between climate change and human displacement. This displacement may either be long distance or a short distance in other cases. If it is a short distance, there is a possibility that it will be temporary, and as soon as the climate change event is over, people may return back to their habitats. It may be a long-distance if climate change-related event takes place on regular intervals over a long period of time. Data is collected through secondary sources.
-
Climate Change, Environmental Degradation, Migration, Asia, Floods
-
(1) Ayaz Ali Shah
Lecturer, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Saleem
Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Tila Mohammad
M.Phil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
- Abebe, M. A. (2014). Climate Change, Gender Inequality And Migration In East Africa. Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, 04(01), 104-139
- Anderson, T., Shamsuddoha, M., & Dixit, A. (2016). Climate Change Knows No Borders. Report. ActionAid International. Retrieved from https://actionaid.org/publications/2016/climate-change- knows-no-borders
- Asian Development Bank. (2009). CLIMATE CHANGE AND MIGRATION IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC. Report. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank
- Asian Development Bank. (2012). Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and Pacific. Philippines. Asian Development Bank
- Baloch, S. (2014). Footprints: Drought Forces 'Mass Migration'. Newspaper article. The Dawn.
- Bhattacharyya, A., & Werz, M. (2012). Climate Change, Migration, and Con
- Black, R., Adger, W. N., Arnell , N. W., Dercon, S., Geddes, A., & Thomas, D. G. (2011). The effect of environmental change on human migration. Global Environmental Change, 21(01), S3-S11
- Black, R., Thomas, S. M., & Beddington, J. R. (2011). Migration as Adaptation. Comments. Macmillan Publishers Limited.
- Brown, O. (2008). Migration and Climate Change. IOM Migration Research Series. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration
- Burgess, R., Deschenes, O., Donaldson, D., & Greenstone, M. (2014). The Unequal Effects of Weather and Climate Change: Evidence from Mortality in India. Journal of economics.
- Drabo, A., & Mbaye, L. M. (2011, August). Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Migration: An Empirical Analysis in Developing Countries. Discussion Paper No. 5927. Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor
- Dupont, A., & Pearman, G. (2006). Heating up the planet CLIMATE CHANGE AND SECURITY. Lowy Institute Paper 12. Lowy Institute for International Policy.
- Foresight. (2011). Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change. The Government Offce for Science, London.
- Geddes, A., Adger, W. N., Arnell, N. W., Black, R., & Thomas, D. G. (2012). Migration, environmental change, and the ‘challenges of governance’. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 30(06)
- Kartiki, K. (2011). Climate change and migration: a case studyfrom rural Bangladesh. Gender & Development, 19(01), 23-38. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4130597
- KPMG. (2015). Labour in Indian Agriculture: A growing Challenge. Federation of Indian Chambers of commerce and industry. Retrieved from http://ficci.in/spdocument/20550/FICCI-agri- Report 09-03-2015.pdf
- Krishnamurthy, P. K., Lewis, K., Kent, C., & Aggarwal, P. (2014). Climate impacts on food security and livelihoods in Asia. Retrieved from http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/wfp281745.pdf
- Maharatna, A. (2016). Food Scarcity and Migration: An Overview. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 81(02), 277-298. Retrieved from Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265812990_Food_Scarcity_and_Migration_An_Over view
- Marchiori , L., Maystadt, J. F., & Schumacher, I. (2011). The Impact of Climate Variations on Migration in sub-Saharan Africa. Paper Presented at CSAE 25th Anniversary Conference 2011: Economic Development in Africa. Oxford, UK
- Marshall, R., & Rahman, S. (2013). Internal Migration in Bangladesh: Character, Drivers and Policy Issues. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Bangladesh.
- Mueller, V., Gray, C., & Kosec, K. (2014). Heat stress increases long-term human migration in rural Pakistan. Nature Climate Change 4, 182-185
- Myers, C. A. (2007). Population change and social vulnerability in the wake of disaster: the case of hurricanes katrina and rita. Dissertation. Louisiana State University.
- Naik, A., Stigter, E., & Laczko, F. (2004). Migration, Development and Natural Disasters: Insights from the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Geneva: International Organization for Migration
- Newland, K. (2011). Climate change and migration dynamics. Washington, The US: Migration Policy Institute
- Perch-Nielsen, S. L., Bättig, M. B., & Imboden, D. (2008). Exploring the link between climate change and migration. Climatic Change, 91, 375-393.
- PEW center on Global Climate change. (2009). Climate Change. The Science and Impacts.
- Pitch, E. (2017). Climate change, natural disasters, and migration. Germany: African Development Bank Group.
- Renaud, F., Bogardi, J. J., Dun, O., & Warner, K. (2008). Environmental Degradation and Migration. 01. Berlin: Berlin Institute
- Salehyan, I. (2008). From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet. Journal of Peace Research,
- Shamsuddoha, M., & Chowdhury, R. K. (2009). Climate Change Induced Forced Migrants: in need of dignified recognition under a new Protocol. Research Article. Bangladesh: Equity and Justice Working Group
- Singelmann, J., Slack, T., & Myers, C. A. (2008). Social vulnerability and migration in the wake of disaster: the case of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Population and Environment, 29(6), 271-291.
- Tacoli, C. (2011). Climate Change and Migration. Study of the climate adaptation-migration nexus and the role for development cooperation. Climate Protection Programme. Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ).
- Tse, C.-W. (2012, November). Do Natural Disasters Lead to More Migration? Evidence from Indonasia. Beijing, China.
- Waldinger, M. (2015, May). The effects of climate change on internal and international migration: implications for developing countries. Working Paper No. 217. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Envoirnmnent
- Waldinger, M., & Fankhauser, S. (2015). Climate change and migration in developing countries: evidence and implications for PRISE countries. Policy paper. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the envoirnmnet.
- Wilkinson, E., Kirbyshire, A., Mayhew, L., Batra, P., & Milan, A. (2016, October). Climate-induced migration and displacement: closing the policy gap. ODI Briefing. London, England: Overseas Development Institute
Cite this article
-
APA : Shah, A. A., Saleem, M., & Mohammad, T. (2019). Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia. Global Political Review, IV(I), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-I).05
-
CHICAGO : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Muhammad Saleem, and Tila Mohammad. 2019. "Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia." Global Political Review, IV (I): 40-50 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-I).05
-
HARVARD : SHAH, A. A., SALEEM, M. & MOHAMMAD, T. 2019. Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia. Global Political Review, IV, 40-50.
-
MHRA : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Muhammad Saleem, and Tila Mohammad. 2019. "Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia." Global Political Review, IV: 40-50
-
MLA : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Muhammad Saleem, and Tila Mohammad. "Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia." Global Political Review, IV.I (2019): 40-50 Print.
-
OXFORD : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Saleem, Muhammad, and Mohammad, Tila (2019), "Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia", Global Political Review, IV (I), 40-50
-
TURABIAN : Shah, Ayaz Ali, Muhammad Saleem, and Tila Mohammad. "Environmental Degradation and Patterns of Human Migration Evidence from South Asia and South-East Asia." Global Political Review IV, no. I (2019): 40-50. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-I).05