EXPLORING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF SMUGGLING AND HINDRANCE FOR BORDER DWELLERS A CASE STUDY OF PAROOMIRAN BORDER DISTRICT PUNJGOR BALOCHISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14      10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Najeeb Ullah , Abdul Raheem , Hussain Ali Hashmi

14 Pages : 127-137

References

  • Adler, L. (2004). Trust, Social Networks and the Informal Economy: A Comparative Analysis. Review of sociology, 10(1), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1556/revsoc.10.2004.1.1
  • Alam, S. (2004). "Iran‐Pakistan relations: Political and strategic dimensions," Strategic Analysis, 28(4), 526-545.
  • Andreas, P. (2003). Perspective: Border Security in the Age of Globalization: How can we protect ourselves without losing the benefits? Regional Review, 3-7.
  • Bohata, M., & Mladek, J. (1999). The Development of the Czech SME Sector. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 461-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S08839026(98)00025-1
  • Bozcali, F. (2011). The Illegal Oil Trade Along Turkey's Borders. Middle East Report, 261, 24- 29.
  • Dawn, D. (2004, 11 24). "More Iranian electricity for border areas." News Report.
  • Dunn, C. (2003). Trojan Pig: Paradoxes of Food Safety Regulation. Environment and Planning, 35(8), 1493–1511. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3516
  • Eichler, S., & Buehn, A. (2009). Muggling Illegal versus Legal Goods across U.S.-Mexico Border: A Structural Equations Model Approach. Southern Economic Journal, 76(2), 328-350. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27751470
  • Felbab-Brown, V. (2009). The Political Economy of Illegal Domains in India and China. The international Lawyers, 43(4), 1411-1428. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40708079
  • Hashi, I. (2001). Financial and Institutional Barriers to SME Growth in Albania: Results of an Enterprise survey. MOCT-MOST Economic Policy in Transitional Economies 11(3), 221-238. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013157127524
  • Hysom, S, et. all. (2018). The heroin coast: A Political Economy along the Eastern African Seaboat. European Union.
  • Julien, C. (2015). Bourdieu, social capital and online interaction. Sociology, 49(2), 356-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038514535862
  • Khan, et. all. (2020). Iran Pakistan Relations: Convergences and Divergences in Present Political and Economic Developments.Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, 125-128.
  • Khan, I. K. (2020). Iran Pakistan Relations: Convergences and Divergences in Present Political and Economic Developments. Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, 125-128.
  • Ledeneva, A. (1998). Russia's Economy of Favors: Blat, networking and informal exchange. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lomnitz, L., & Melnick, A. (1991). Chile's middle class. A struggle for survival in the face of neoliberalism. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Lyons, L., & Ford, M. (2012). Smuggling Cultures in the Indonesia-Singapore Borderlands. In B. K. Sur, Transnational flows and Permissive Polities. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Mahmood, R., & Ahmad, E. (2015). Measurement of Import Smuggling in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, 25(2), 135-159. http://aerc.edu.pk/wpcontent/uploads/2016/10/Paper-652-I-Rafat-Mahmood.pdf
  • Megoran, N. (2005). Performance, Representation and the Economics of Border Control in Uzbekistan. Geopolitics, 10, 712-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040500318498
  • Muhammad, J. (2006). The causal structure of land price determinants. Canadian journal of Agriculture, 54(2), 227-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17447976.2006.0 0047.x
  • NSSO. (2005). India – Employment and Unemployment: NSS. National Sample Survey Office. doi:61st. Round: July 2004– June 2005. http://mail.mospi.gov.in/index.php/catalog/24
  • Pitt, M. (1983). Smuggling and the black market: International Economy. International Journal of Economy, 16, 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00221996(84)80003-3
  • Raheem, A et all. (2021). Political Economy of Smuggling: The Living Source for the Natives (A Case Study of Jiwani-Iran Border, Baluchistan). Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 2(4), 835-848. http://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81865
  • Sen, S. (1975). Smuggling, Exchange Controls and Indian Economy. Economic and Political Weekly, 10(5/7), 205-216. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4536854
  • Sharif, M. (2000). Illegal Trade of Pakistan with Afghanistan and Iran through Balochistan: Size, Balance and loss to the public Exchequer. International general of Agriculture and Biology, 199-203.
  • Tachuk, K. L. (2007). Transational threats: Smuggling and trafficking in arms, drugs, and human life. Praeger Security International General Interest, 1, 50-62. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip079/2007003032.html
  • UNODC. (July 2014). Recent trends of human trafficking and migrant smuggling to and from Pakistan. Pakistan: UNODC Pakistan office. UNODC.
  • Vakulchuk, R. (2012). Liberalization of Trade in Services in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Analysis of Formal and Informal Barriers. In D. Tarr, ed. Influence of Liberalization of Services on Productivity, Export and Development: Empirical Studies in Transition Economies. Moscow: The World Bank / The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Bank Book Series, Moscow: Publishing House Ves Mir.
  • Wajid, Z., Aziz, B., & Iqbal, Z. (Jan-Dec 2014). Smuggling around the World: An Empirical Investigation of causes and Indicators. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 10, 105-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.570715
  • Adler, L. (2004). Trust, Social Networks and the Informal Economy: A Comparative Analysis. Review of sociology, 10(1), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1556/revsoc.10.2004.1.1
  • Alam, S. (2004). "Iran‐Pakistan relations: Political and strategic dimensions," Strategic Analysis, 28(4), 526-545.
  • Andreas, P. (2003). Perspective: Border Security in the Age of Globalization: How can we protect ourselves without losing the benefits? Regional Review, 3-7.
  • Bohata, M., & Mladek, J. (1999). The Development of the Czech SME Sector. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 461-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S08839026(98)00025-1
  • Bozcali, F. (2011). The Illegal Oil Trade Along Turkey's Borders. Middle East Report, 261, 24- 29.
  • Dawn, D. (2004, 11 24). "More Iranian electricity for border areas." News Report.
  • Dunn, C. (2003). Trojan Pig: Paradoxes of Food Safety Regulation. Environment and Planning, 35(8), 1493–1511. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3516
  • Eichler, S., & Buehn, A. (2009). Muggling Illegal versus Legal Goods across U.S.-Mexico Border: A Structural Equations Model Approach. Southern Economic Journal, 76(2), 328-350. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27751470
  • Felbab-Brown, V. (2009). The Political Economy of Illegal Domains in India and China. The international Lawyers, 43(4), 1411-1428. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40708079
  • Hashi, I. (2001). Financial and Institutional Barriers to SME Growth in Albania: Results of an Enterprise survey. MOCT-MOST Economic Policy in Transitional Economies 11(3), 221-238. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013157127524
  • Hysom, S, et. all. (2018). The heroin coast: A Political Economy along the Eastern African Seaboat. European Union.
  • Julien, C. (2015). Bourdieu, social capital and online interaction. Sociology, 49(2), 356-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038514535862
  • Khan, et. all. (2020). Iran Pakistan Relations: Convergences and Divergences in Present Political and Economic Developments.Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, 125-128.
  • Khan, I. K. (2020). Iran Pakistan Relations: Convergences and Divergences in Present Political and Economic Developments. Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, 125-128.
  • Ledeneva, A. (1998). Russia's Economy of Favors: Blat, networking and informal exchange. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lomnitz, L., & Melnick, A. (1991). Chile's middle class. A struggle for survival in the face of neoliberalism. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Lyons, L., & Ford, M. (2012). Smuggling Cultures in the Indonesia-Singapore Borderlands. In B. K. Sur, Transnational flows and Permissive Polities. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Mahmood, R., & Ahmad, E. (2015). Measurement of Import Smuggling in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, 25(2), 135-159. http://aerc.edu.pk/wpcontent/uploads/2016/10/Paper-652-I-Rafat-Mahmood.pdf
  • Megoran, N. (2005). Performance, Representation and the Economics of Border Control in Uzbekistan. Geopolitics, 10, 712-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040500318498
  • Muhammad, J. (2006). The causal structure of land price determinants. Canadian journal of Agriculture, 54(2), 227-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17447976.2006.0 0047.x
  • NSSO. (2005). India – Employment and Unemployment: NSS. National Sample Survey Office. doi:61st. Round: July 2004– June 2005. http://mail.mospi.gov.in/index.php/catalog/24
  • Pitt, M. (1983). Smuggling and the black market: International Economy. International Journal of Economy, 16, 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00221996(84)80003-3
  • Raheem, A et all. (2021). Political Economy of Smuggling: The Living Source for the Natives (A Case Study of Jiwani-Iran Border, Baluchistan). Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 2(4), 835-848. http://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81865
  • Sen, S. (1975). Smuggling, Exchange Controls and Indian Economy. Economic and Political Weekly, 10(5/7), 205-216. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4536854
  • Sharif, M. (2000). Illegal Trade of Pakistan with Afghanistan and Iran through Balochistan: Size, Balance and loss to the public Exchequer. International general of Agriculture and Biology, 199-203.
  • Tachuk, K. L. (2007). Transational threats: Smuggling and trafficking in arms, drugs, and human life. Praeger Security International General Interest, 1, 50-62. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip079/2007003032.html
  • UNODC. (July 2014). Recent trends of human trafficking and migrant smuggling to and from Pakistan. Pakistan: UNODC Pakistan office. UNODC.
  • Vakulchuk, R. (2012). Liberalization of Trade in Services in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Analysis of Formal and Informal Barriers. In D. Tarr, ed. Influence of Liberalization of Services on Productivity, Export and Development: Empirical Studies in Transition Economies. Moscow: The World Bank / The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Bank Book Series, Moscow: Publishing House Ves Mir.
  • Wajid, Z., Aziz, B., & Iqbal, Z. (Jan-Dec 2014). Smuggling around the World: An Empirical Investigation of causes and Indicators. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 10, 105-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.570715

Cite this article

    APA : Ullah, N., Raheem, A., & Hashmi, H. A. (2022). Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan. Global Political Review, VII(II), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14
    CHICAGO : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. 2022. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review, VII (II): 127-137 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14
    HARVARD : ULLAH, N., RAHEEM, A. & HASHMI, H. A. 2022. Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan. Global Political Review, VII, 127-137.
    MHRA : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. 2022. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review, VII: 127-137
    MLA : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review, VII.II (2022): 127-137 Print.
    OXFORD : Ullah, Najeeb, Raheem, Abdul, and Hashmi, Hussain Ali (2022), "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan", Global Political Review, VII (II), 127-137
    TURABIAN : Ullah, Najeeb, Abdul Raheem, and Hussain Ali Hashmi. "Exploring the Functionality of Smuggling and Hindrance for Border Dwellers: A Case Study of Paroom-Iran Border, District, Punjgor, Balochistan." Global Political Review VII, no. II (2022): 127-137. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-II).14